Nine Ways of being an Accessory

Nine Ways of Being an Accessory to Another's Sin

1. By counsel
2. By command
3. By consent
6. By concealment
7. By partaking
4. By provocation
5. By praise (or flattery)
8. By silence
9. By defense of the ill done

From the Catechism of the Catholic Church:

1868 Sin is a personal act. Moreover, we have a responsibility for the sins committed by others when we cooperate in them:

- by participating directly and voluntarily in them;
- by ordering, advising, praising, or approving them;
- by not disclosing or not hindering them when we have an obligation to do so;
- by protecting evil-doers.